Error message

  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $input declared before required parameter $form_state is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 12 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/media/media.module).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $module_name declared before required parameter $data is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 18 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/media/modules/media_wysiwyg/media_wysiwyg.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$table is deprecated in ctools_export_load_object() (line 473 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/ctools/includes/export.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$type is deprecated in ctools_export_load_object() (line 474 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/ctools/includes/export.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$export_type is deprecated in ctools_export_load_object() (line 475 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/ctools/includes/export.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$vid is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$id is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_title is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_plugin is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$position is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$vid is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$id is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_title is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_plugin is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$position is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$vid is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$id is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_title is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_plugin is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$position is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$vid is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$id is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_title is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_plugin is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$position is deprecated in views_db_object->load_row() (line 2311 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_default::$is_plugin is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$vid is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$id is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_title is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_plugin is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$position is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$is_plugin is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$default_display is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$vid is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$id is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_title is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_plugin is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$position is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_feed::$is_plugin is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_feed::$default_display is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$vid is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$id is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_title is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$display_plugin is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_display::$position is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$export_module is deprecated in DrupalDatabaseCache->prepareItem() (line 449 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/cache.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$export_module is deprecated in ctools_export_load_object() (line 531 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/ctools/includes/export.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_default::$is_plugin is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 59 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_default::$localization_keys is deprecated in view->init_display() (line 501 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$is_plugin is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 59 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$localization_keys is deprecated in view->init_display() (line 501 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$default_display is deprecated in view->init_display() (line 509 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_feed::$is_plugin is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 59 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_feed::$localization_keys is deprecated in view->init_display() (line 501 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_feed::$default_display is deprecated in view->init_display() (line 509 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$is_plugin is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 59 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$localization_keys is deprecated in view->init_display() (line 501 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_display_page::$default_display is deprecated in view->init_display() (line 509 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$relationships_fixed is deprecated in view->fix_missing_relationships() (line 628 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth::$is_handler is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 55 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth::$localization_keys is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 224 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_localization_none::$is_plugin is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 59 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$localization_plugin is deprecated in view->init_localization() (line 2140 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth::$table is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 235 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth::$field is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 247 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth_modifier::$is_handler is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 55 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth_modifier::$localization_keys is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 224 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth_modifier::$table is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 235 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth_modifier::$field is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 247 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_sort::$is_handler is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 55 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_sort::$localization_keys is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 224 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_sort::$table is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 235 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_sort::$field is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 247 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_filter_node_status::$is_handler is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 55 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_filter_node_status::$localization_keys is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 224 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_filter_node_status::$table is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 235 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_filter_node_status::$field is deprecated in views_handler->init() (line 247 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property view::$inited is deprecated in view->init_handlers() (line 713 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/view.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term::$is_plugin is deprecated in _views_create_handler() (line 59 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/includes/handlers.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term::$argument is deprecated in views_plugin_argument_validate->init() (line 26 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/plugins/views_plugin_argument_validate.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1887 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/includes/database/query.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth::$validated_title is deprecated in views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term->validate_argument() (line 125 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/modules/taxonomy/views_plugin_argument_validate_taxonomy_term.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property views_handler_argument_term_node_tid_depth::$argument_validated is deprecated in views_handler_argument->validate_arg() (line 1068 of /usr/home/aelman/public_html/richardelman.org/sites/all/modules/views/handlers/views_handler_argument.inc).

Showdown At Tucson: The Great Sanctuary ‘Alien-Smuggling’ Trial

In 1985 Elman taught in the Creative Writing Department at the University of Arizona in Tucson, where he also attended the trial of clergy providing sanctuary for political refugees from El Salvador and Guatemala. These clergy, who were part of a larger Sanctuary movement, were accused by the American Government and the INS of smuggling aliens into this country. The government’s case prevailed. Elman’s account of the trial in his unpublished manuscript, Showdown At Tucson: The Great Sanctuary ‘Alien-Smuggling’ Trial available here, places the issues within the context of those who are critical of U.S. immigration policies, and of the foreign policies of our government in Central America. That these problems persist into our present lives is a testament to the continued relevance of Elman’s work.

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